Electricity is an essential part of modern life and important to the World economy. People use electricity for lighting, heating, cooling, and refrigeration and for operating appliances, computers, electronics, machinery, and public transportation systems.
Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. Many cities and towns were built alongside waterfalls (a primary source of mechanical energy) that turned water wheels to perform work.
India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world. The national electric grid in India has an installed capacity of 403.759 GW as of 30 June 2022. Renewable power plants, which also include large hydroelectric plants, constitute 39.2% of total installed capacity. India has a surplus power generation capacity but lacks adequate fuel supply, transmission and distribution infrastructure. The average plant load factor of the thermal power plants is below 60% against the norm of 85%. India’s electricity sector is dominated by fossil fuels, in particular coal, which produced about three-quarters of the country’s electricity. The government is making efforts to increase investment in renewable energy. The Government of India launched a program called “Power for All” in 2016. The program was accomplished by December 2018 in providing the necessary infrastructure to ensure uninterrupted electricity supply to all households, industries, and commercial establishments. Funding was made through a collaboration between the Government of India and its constituent states.